The Evolution of Inclusive Education

This chapter traces the evolution of inclusive education from integration models to Universal Design for Learning (UDL) within digital contexts. Drawing on research, policies, and empirical studies, it charts the transition from deficit-based to strength-based, inclusive pedagogies fostering genuine belonging. The review explores policy frameworks, digital pedagogical innovations, and the influence of STEM education. A thematic analysis highlights the interactions among policy, institutional culture, and instructional practice that shape outcomes. Findings reveal challenges, emerging best practices, and innovative assessment tools, including equity audits and continuous improvement models. Overall, the synthesis highlights a shift from compliance-driven to evidence-based, culturally responsive teaching that leverages technology to meet the diverse needs of learners, providing valuable insights for advancing inclusive education in digital environments.