Future technologies and security

This chapter explores future technologies which are shaping global security and societal development. It discusses the transformative potential of artificial intelligence, machine learning (ML), quantum computing, advanced energy systems, biotechnology, robotics and materials science. Particular attention is given to AI and neural networks, highlighting their roles in automation, medicine, finance and education, as well as ethical and regulatory challenges. The chapter also examines the rise of the Internet of Things, smart cities and big data, underlining their importance in real-time decision-making and cybersecurity. Finally, it considers the broader societal implications, including labour market changes, personalised healthcare and risks associated with technological monopolisation. The analysis demonstrates that future technologies bring both opportunities and threats, requiring responsible governance and global cooperation.