Sustainable Nanomaterials and Green Synthesis

Nanotechnology, which investigates materials at the nanoscale has grown in popularity because of its distinctive uses in materials engineering, electronics, and medicine. This study used leaf extracts from Azadirachta indica (neem) as stabilizing and reducing agents to create an environmentally friendly process for creating barium sulphate nanoparticles ( https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> BaSO 4 https://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href=" https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9781003644439/6e079716-b66a-464a-84a6-e47b09502e27/content/ieq0737.tif "/> NPs). The fresh leaf extract (WBS ) and dry leaf powder extract (DBS) methods were the two synthesis techniques used. Co-precipitation, centrifugation, and drying produced the final nanoparticles, which had yields of 0.46 g (WBS) and 0.40 g (DBS). While XRD patterns showed highly crystalline, orthorhombic https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> BaSO 4 https://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href=" https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9781003644439/6e079716-b66a-464a-84a6-e47b09502e27/content/ieq0738.tif "/> nanoparticles with crystallite sizes in the range of 20–45 nm, FTIR analysis verified distinctive sulphate ( https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> SO 4 2 − https://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href=" https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9781003644439/6e079716-b66a-464a-84a6-e47b09502e27/content/ieq0739.tif "/> ) stretching vibrations. Four bacterial strains, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus , and Enterococcus faecalis , were used to test the synthesized NPs’ antibacterial activity. Compared to ciprofloxacin, which demonstrated strong inhibition, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values exceeded 64 μg/mL, indicating negligible antibacterial action. The neem-derived https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> BaSO 4 https://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href=" https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/9781003644439/6e079716-b66a-464a-84a6-e47b09502e27/content/ieq0740.tif "/> NPs showed limited antimicrobial efficacy, but their high purity, structural stability, and sustainable synthesis show promise for industrial uses in oil drilling, coatings, ceramics, and medical imaging. The viability of green synthesis as a viable substitute for traditional nanoparticle preparation is highlighted by this study.