Intelligent transportation systems

Intelligent transportation systems (ITS) employ advanced sensing and data analytic technologies coupled with communication systems to redefine transportation management worldwide. ITS stand as a fundamental infrastructure for achieving secure, efficient, and sustainable transport while addressing escalating mobility and urbanization needs according to global strategic plans and current international reports. This chapter presents an extensive discussion of ITS infrastructure alongside its basic operational systems, including traffic adaptivity and vehicle connectivity features, and also introduces upcoming technological elements such as artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things. The discussion includes obstacles that affect broad ITS implementation, with a review of data privacy and cybersecurity requirements and detailed examinations of regions spanning both developed and developing countries. The chapter concludes with directions for future research, focusing on integrating ITS with smart cities and emphasizing the need for worldwide standardization of policies and standards. This study delivers valuable guidance to research and professional teams, as well as government officials, who aim to develop transportation systems that are secure, efficient, and sustainable.