Impact of New Technologies and Sustainability on Maintenance in the Era of Artificial Intelligence

New technologies of industry 4.0 are transforming the world, especially industrial functions. Maintenance is a function that is linked to each function in the industry and then linked to all new technologies used in companies. Augmented reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) are two of those new technologies that are being actively used in industry and maintenance operations. Maintenance is expected to benefit significantly from the applications of AR and VR. Moreover, artificial intelligence (AI) has started to change industrial functions. Its application is not limited to predictive maintenance (PdM) but can also be used for analyzing data collected manually, which is the case for many companies. Besides all those technologies that aim to increase the production and the growth of the world, companies are facing challenges such as sustainability, which encompasses environmental, social, and economic aspects. That's why companies should rethink their policies and strategies to manage those challenges within the actual transition phase from industry 3.0 to industry 4.0. This chapter discusses the sustainability challenges, then presents separately the AR and VR, with a focus on maintenance applications, followed by the AI and maintenance. The original contribution of this chapter is to provide an overview of linking multiple enablers and challenges to study and to highlight the role of maintenance in sustainability while using new technologies enhanced by AI, which is considered a novelty in scientific literature.