MXene-Based Sensor for Bio-Medical Applications

MXenes, novel two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials composed of transition metal carbides, nitrides, or carbonitrides, have emerged as promising candidates for extensive applications owing to their unique properties, such as high conductivity, tunable surface chemistry, large surface area, and excellent mechanical flexibility. Moreover, it has been extensively explored in the fields of energy storage devices and catalytic materials used in both chemical and biological sensors. This chapter focuses on the integration of MXenes into bioanalytical systems, especially in enzymes, antibodies, and aptamer-based biosensors, which were fabricated with enhanced surface functionality and biocompatibility to improve their sensitivity and selectivity. Despite these advancements, challenges remain in integrating MXenes with biomolecules for wearable bio-sensing applications. However, challenges remain in terms of long-term stability, large-scale fabrication, and biocompatible surface engineering. In addition, this chapter provides an overview of the current progress and outlines the future perspectives of MXenes in next-generation bioanalytical and wearable sensor platforms.