Biotechnological Advancements in Botanical Extraction and Standardization

With recent breakthroughs in biotechnology, we can take better advantage of plant-based bioactive compound extraction and refinement processes without facing issues of low yield, inconsistent quality, or inefficient processes. In this chapter, some more novel types of extraction, such as enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE), supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), and ultrasound or microwave-assisted extractions, are discussed. These are superior to traditional ones and are also more sustainable and sharper. Furthermore, it also gets into how state-of-the-art tools like the CRISPR-based metabolic engineering, as well as the artificial intelligence (AI)-based data analysis, are transforming extracts to reach consistency and effectiveness in the pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and cosmetic industries. For example, artemisinin is produced in real-world examples such as the current industrial application of the production of artemisinin and also the use of artemisinin-producing cell cultures. In the final section, promising developments, including nano-extraction and synthetic biology, are explored, and regulatory as well as environmental challenges are addressed for a future of large-scale, eco-friendly botanical extract production.