Introduction to Computational Fluid Dynamics

This chapter introduces the foundational concepts of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). It presents the governing equations for mass, momentum, and energy, emphasizing their coupled and nonlinear nature. Due to the limited availability of analytical solutions for these equations, numerical approaches such as the Finite Difference and Finite Volume methods are employed to discretize the partial differential equations. The discussion covers derivation of the continuity equation from a control volume perspective, and formulation of the Navier–Stokes momentum equations. The energy equation is developed from the first law of thermodynamics. Key distinctions between compressible and incompressible flows are outlined, along with continuum assumptions and discretization strategies. Fundamental principles including conservation, stability, consistency, and convergence are highlighted as critical for ensuring accurate and reliable CFD simulations.