Human Acceptance of Automation and Human Systems Integration

Human acceptance of advanced automation is a critical challenge for developing socio-technical systems, which are gaining increasing attention. Especially with the advent of artificial intelligence, human tasks and responsibilities seem to shift rapidly, and we are challenged as a society, individuals, and organizations to differentiate what represents acceptable automation and what does not. Having early insights on designing automation for user acceptance should allow developing organizations to direct their efforts better, save costs, and provide a better return on investment through wider uptake and continued use. This chapter reviews some pertinent human factors insights about interacting with automation. Existing user acceptance models, including Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), and Automation Acceptance Model (AAM), are summarized to give insight into common acceptance factors and evaluated practically. The elicitation of critical acceptance factors forms the basis of human systems integration as the orchestration of human considerations into the systems engineering of socio-technical systems. The chapter ends with recommendations on how human systems integration can facilitate the preparation of research, analysis, design, development, coordination, and evaluation activities to help create automation that humans can accept.