Conclusion and Perspectives

Sociotechnical systems (STSs) cannot be thought of in silo any longer. This handbook proposes a holistic human–systems integration (HSI) approach to STSs. STSs are systems organized from various purposeful perspectives, where decision-makers must simultaneously grasp the social, economic, and environmental challenges and the links and impacts they can have on each other. The systemic approaches presented in this handbook demonstrate the need to manage the diversity of the various elements and the relationships between them. HSI has become a solid field at the intersection of several contributing disciplines: systems engineering (SE), human factors and ergonomics, information technology, and various industrial and public sectors. HSI is investigated and implemented according to several perspectives: safety, competencies and professionalism, sustainability, habitability, occupational health, socio-cultural and organizational factors, training, HSI planning, human factors engineering, workforce planning, integrated logistics support, and maintenance. HSI is a triptych’s heart: technology, organizations, and people.