Next-Generation IoT-Enabled Smart PV Systems for Sustainable Energy under Harsh Environmental Conditions

Since more people are interested in environmentally friendly energy, researchers are now exploring how to improve photovoltaic performance when temperatures rise, dust gathers, humidity increases, and snow accumulates heavily. Environmental problems often reduce how effective, durable, and dependable PV installations are. Through this manuscript, the authors cover different examples of IoT-supported green-smart PV systems that aim to improve energy collection and the system’s robustness using sensors, data processing, and control systems. Through IoT integration, such systems allow for continuous monitoring of irradiance, temperature, soiling on panels, and power generation, supporting predictive maintenance and efficient changes to the PV array. Many different IoT setups and communication standards built for harsh environments are tested, along with machine learning tools meant to identify issues and predict performance. It also studies ways to address problems caused by hot or cold weather such as smart cleaning methods and better ways to control indoor temperatures. By using these findings, robust and stable photovoltaic systems can be formed, operating at top efficiency and dependability, in many challenging climatic regions.