Multi-response optimization of 3D printing parameters for enhanced mechanical properties

This study focuses on optimizing 3D printing parameters for ABS material using the Taguchi L 9 orthogonal array method. The parameters considered were printing speed (30–50 mm/s), layer thickness (0.1–0.3 mm), and fill density (20–100%). The responses analyzed were surface roughness and hardness. Experimental results revealed that the lowest surface roughness of 2.04 μm was achieved at 30 mm/s speed, 0.1 mm layer thickness, and 20% fill density. The highest hardness of 47.50 HV was recorded at 40 mm/s, 0.1 mm layer thickness, and 50% fill density. ANOVA analysis indicated that layer thickness contributed the most to surface roughness (47.64%), while fill density had the highest influence on hardness (38.49%). Composite desirability analysis highlighted layer thickness as the dominant factor (42.81%). The study demonstrates that optimizing printing parameters significantly enhances mechanical performance, with layer thickness playing the most critical role in achieving high-quality ABS components.