Design and performance evaluation of a MicrostripPhased array antenna for mmWave applications approach

This work presents the design, simulation, and performance evaluation of a microstrip-based phased array antenna for 5G mmWave communication at 28 GHz. A unit cell is designed initially, optimizing its dimensions for resonance and impedance matching. It is then extended to linear array configurations such as (1 × 2, 1 × 3, 1 × 4), maintaining an inter-element spacing of approximately half a guided wavelength (≈5.35 mm) to maximize gain and suppress grating lobes. ANSYS HFSS(High Frequency Structure Simulator) Software is used for full-wave electromagnetic simulation using Substrate material Rogers RT/Duroid 5880 due to its low loss characteristics. low \varepsilon r = 2.2. The 1 × 4 array achieves a peak gain of 14.24 dB and directivity of 14.09 dB, and return loss of −26.4 dB. The antenna demonstrates excellent impedance matching, low VSWR (1.10), and beam steering capabilities, making it ideal for compact high-frequency wireless systems.