Probability

Most computer models of physical phenomena need to take some uncertainty into account. Not every event is predictable, but many fall within a predictable range. Typically, artificial intelligence models deal with minimizing errors in the face of uncertainty. In this chapter, we discuss basic ideas in probability ranging from random variables and their distributions to some laws of large numbers. We begin the chapter with a set of preliminary material helpful for the chapter. We then introduce the topic of random variables and some properties and distributions commonly used. We give two versions of the law of large numbers along with the Central Limit Theorem.