Low-Dimensional Biosensors for Environmental Monitoring

This chapter provides a comprehensive exploration of the advancements and challenges associated with low-dimensional biosensors for environmental monitoring, with a strong focus on their contribution to achieving environmental sustainability. Low-dimensional biosensors, harnessing the unique properties of nanomaterials, have emerged as transformative tools in monitoring environmental parameters crucial for sustainable development. Drawing from case studies and ongoing research, the chapter highlights the promise of these biosensors in revolutionising environmental monitoring practices. By offering a multidimensional perspective that encapsulates technological advancements, challenges, and future prospects, this chapter contributes to the understanding of how low-dimensional biosensors can drive environmental sustainability goals. It advocates for continued research, innovation, and collaboration to unlock the full potential of these biosensors for a more robust and viable future. The chapter reviews the application of low-dimensional biosensors in various environmental monitoring scenarios, encompassing air, water, and soil quality assessment, pollutant detection, and ecosystem health evaluation, and provides early warning to citizens against any environmental disaster. It also serves as a personal monitoring-based pollution control system which helps to minimise pollution hazards. It delves into how these biosensors offer enhanced sensitivity, selectivity, and real-time capabilities, crucial for accurate and timely environmental data acquisition. Despite their remarkable potential, challenges related to sensor stability, reproducibility, and scalability are discussed. Regulatory and ethical considerations in environmental monitoring also receive attention. The chapter underscores the need for collaborative efforts between academia, industry, and governments to overcome these challenges and facilitate the seamless integration of low-dimensional biosensors into environmental monitoring networks.