Sustainable Processing of Biomass as an Eco-Friendly Biosorbent

Organic contaminants, which include dyes emitted during industrial processes, are one of the most significant contaminant sources of water quality. These pose a potential hazard to human health in addition to the ecology because of their severe toxicity and sensitivity. Consequently, treatment options for this enormous amount of wastewater are frequently insufficient. As a result, surplus dye effluent is typically released without pretreatment. There are numerous methods for extracting these contaminants from wastewater. However, adsorption has grown in popularity due to its minimal cost, convenience of use, absence of harmful chemical emissions, and eco-friendliness and sustainability of biosorbents. Bio-adsorbents often employed include charcoal, chitin, wood bark, fungal biomass, microbial biomass, and other agricultural wastes. Biomass is perceived as an ecological load contributing to the Earth&s;s declining carrying capacity. Biosorbent is a cheap and renewable resource for the treatment of dye-bearing wastewater. In the past ten years, dye adsorption has made recent strides, which are highlighted in this chapter. This chapter emphasizes mainly on using these biomasses directly, without any kind of chemical or physical modification for biosorbent applications. Adsorption mechanisms governing the extraction of dyes using biomass-derived adsorbents, as well as the removal efficiencies and adsorption capacities of various biomass-derived adsorbents for the removal of dyes, have also been studied. The development of biomass-derived adsorbents, their modification for enhanced efficiencies, and their implementation in large-scale wastewater treatment facilities are recommended as future research requirements.