Biopolymers-Loaded Antimicrobial for Infected Wound Healing: A Promising Approach

The largest organ in the human body, the skin, is vital to the body’s defense against damage and microbial invasion. It also controls nutrition, electrolytes, and bodily fluids. It is primarily made up of the epidermis and dermis layers. The outermost layer of skin, known as the epidermis, is composed of four or five sub-layers, the number of which varies based on the body part. Merkel cells, Langerhans cells, melanocytes, and keratinocytes make up the majority of the epidermis. The dermis, on the other hand, is a layer of connective tissue that underpins the epidermis. It is made up of proteins found in the extracellular matrix (ECM) that are formed by fibroblasts, including collagen, elastin, proteoglycans, and glycosaminoglycans. When the skin is damaged, the body goes through five phases of wound-healing to repair the damaged area using cellular, molecular, and biochemical processes ( Kumar et al ., 2024 ).