Objectives and Genetic basis of Plant breeding

Plant breeding can be defined as the art, science, and technology of improving the genetic makeup of plants to enhance their usefulness and value for humankind. It involves manipulating the heredity of plants through various methods to develop varieties that exhibit desirable traits, such as increased productivity, improved quality, and greater resistance to diseases or environmental stresses. Historically, plant breeding was primarily an art, relying on the breeder’s skill in selecting the best plants based on observation. Over time, with advancements in genetics and biotechnology, it has evolved into a highly scientific discipline. Today, plant breeding is a combination of both art and science, utilizing both traditional techniques and modern molecular tools to bring about the desired changes in crops.