Introduction

Optical communications and the storage of information are projected to be pervasive in the near future. With its large band width we can envisage fibers to each household and office, carrying telephone lines with video presentations, TV cable signals, FAX lines, computer networks, informational retrieval systems, computer shopping, business and banking transactions, educational programs and aids, library services, and all other types of communication interactions and transactions. Much of the received information in video, audio, graphical, pictorial, textual or tabular format can be stored on optical disks for fast access. In principle, the technology is now available with low cost fibers, europium and erbium amplifiers, lithium niobate modulators and switches, light emitting diodes and diode lasers, and optical storage media on diskettes. High costs for materials, equipment, processing and assembling to achieve a manufacturable system have been the major deterrents. In addition, not all of the scientific and technological problems have been solved. One can, however, start to see the pieces coming into focus. We can anticipate major advances in materials, processing and enhanced linear and nonlinear optical properties leading to significant improvements and lower costs. The field of nonlinear optics has considerable promise to make information around the world much more available and usable in a timely manner. The benefits are enormous.