Mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) and other ground improvement techniques for infrastructure constructions on soft and subsiding ground

The presence of thick deposits of soft clay and the effect of ground subsidence due to the excessive pumping of groundwater cause numerous foundation problems to infrastructure constructions in Chao Phraya Plain, Thailand in the form of large subsoil compressions and the associated differential settlements as well as slope instability. To mitigate such natural hazards, several schemes of mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) are proposed for such constructions as underground pipeline, road culverts, road embankments, dikes along irrigation canals, and approach embankments to overpasses and viaducts. The MSE method can be also combined most appropriately with the subsoil improvement using either lime/cement piles, granular piles, or vertical band drains. The combined improvement schemes can increase shear strength, reduce total and differential settlements, and minimize lateral spreading. Moreover, the aforementioned improvement schemes can be a viable alternative to the existing method of using precast, reinforced concrete pile foundation.