Marine Seismic, 2
Abstract
In the early days of marine exploration, when the surveys were limited to coastal waters, the crews used optical topographical methods (bearings and intersections) to establish their positions. Rapidly the work moved further out and they were working tens and even hundreds of kilometers from the coast. At these distances, the optical methods were replaced by radio positioning, methods which had been developed by the Allies for directing their bombers at night or their ships (the Normandy Landings of 1944), then by newer systems.
Fields of Study & Subjects
Historical Geography and Cartography
Underwater Acoustics Research
Maritime Navigation and Safety
Publication details
- Journal / source
- CRC Press eBooks
- Pages
- 116–116
- Publication date
- 12 February 2026
- Language
- EN
- Document type
- Book chapter