Plan for monitoring surface and groundwater quality at waste disposal sites

The impact of landfill emplacements on the environment is of particular importance in regard to the quality of surface water and groundwater in the vicinity of the site. The geotechnical engineer, with an understanding of both engineering and geological aspects, is in a key position to facilitate the appropriate measures to monitor the effects of landfill activities. Geological and geotechnical site characterisation is the first step which must also involve an appreciation of the surface hydrology, hydrogeology and land use activity of the general area, with which data it is then possible to establish a monitoring programme. The establishment of suitable monitor sites and representative sampling procedures, the selection of the type of chemical tests and frequency of testing and the basic content of a procedures manual are described for long term monitoring plans to ensure consistency in data sets. Case studies are cited to illustrate the major issues. An integral part of the plan is to ensure that baseline site characteristics can always be compared to conditions in the vicinity of the waste disposal area. The plan can be used for both new and existing facilities. It is concluded that with such a plan, successful monitoring can be ensured.