River restoration and rehabilitation

Rivers may be affected by mining activities in a variety of ways. Regulatory and environmental concerns often require development and implementation of appropriate restoration and rehabilitation of river systems. In order to develop and implement appropriate restoration and rehabilitation for river systems, it is necessary to understand the dynamic nature of rivers in all their forms. A three-level approach incorporating qualitative geomorphic principles, quantitative geomorphic and engineering analysis, and computer modeling analysis techniques provide a methodology to evaluate and design physical aspects of restoration and rehabilitation. The physical side must be coupled with biological aspects related to riparian vegetation, fisheries, and aquatic biota. Combining biological restoration and rehabilitation principles with geomorphic and river engineering principles together provide a basis for successful results. Examples are provided showing the strengths and weaknesses of a range of river restoration and rehabilitation approaches. This range includes bioengineering restoration concepts, both on a light-handed level as well as quite extensive levels, and more traditional approaches. By considering strengths and weaknesses of each type of approach, a reasonable mix of restoration and rehabilitation can be developed into successful projects.