Earth's Fluid Systems: An Introduction

Forces for the transport of heat, mass, and energy within the earth are derived from the dynamic state of the earth’s fluid systems. This resulted in the occurrence of several geological processes of global, regional, and local scales such as generation of magnetic field, movement of lithospheric plates, which lead to the creation of ridges, subduction zones, orogenic belts, volcanics, evolution of surface/groundwater resources, genesis of mineral deposits, changes in the state of stress in rocks leading to the deformation, land subsidence, and many more. A knowledge about the structure and composition of the earth’s interior is essential for a better understanding on the dynamics of the earth’s fluid system and its role in many geologic processes.