Fill-containing geosystems (bags, mattresses, geotubes)

In this Chapter the fill-containing geosystems are discussed, and specifically the forms/units filled with sand, gravel or mortar. Examples of these systems are bags, mattresses, tubes, containers and open (matting) bags filled with gravel, stone or asphalt. These systems have already found various applications in coastal engineering. One of the first (large-scale) applications took place in the scope of the Delta works in the Netherlands in the ‘60s and ‘70s. However, more rapid developements all over the world took place in ‘80s. At this moment there are a relatively large number of products of this type on the market which are provided by a number of specialistic companies from all over the world.