A two-dimensional boundary element method – BEM

The 2D boundary element analysis and computer program was developed by Bray, Hocking, Elissa and Hamett. The principle of boundary element method and program (BEM) has been reported in the book Underground Excavations in Rock by Hoek and Brown (1980 ). The following assumptions are made in the theory. the medium is homogeneous, isotropic and linearly elastic, the plane strain condition prevails or the opening is very long, the medium is infinite, the medium may contain a number of openings of any shape; and the in situ stresses are uniform. Alternatively, in situ stresses increase linearly with depth.