Climate conditions, moisture and lakes of south-eastern Kazakhstan in the late Pleistocene and Holocene

The region of south-eastern Kazakhstan is an arid and semi-arid area of internal flow which embraces the catchment areas of several large closed lakes. In geo-logical past the areas of the lakes were significantly variable. Climate and moisture conditions of lakes existence in present and past epochs were modeled with using the method of joint solution of heat and water balance equations of water surface and landscapes of the basin. The nomograph of dependence of area of the lakes from precipitation and area of glaciation in the basin was computed. It was shown that in the time of lake transgressions of late the Pleistocene and Holocene the desert and semi-desert landscapes of south-eastern Kazakhstan were changed for the dry steppe.