Effective elastic modulus for thermal stress analysis considering early age creep behavior

In this study, a creep formula is proposed on the basis of creep experiments with the aim of contributing to greater predictive accuracy. Creep behavior in both tensile and compressive periods is assessed and the effects of changing stress and temperature are also formulated. The creep formula is defined on the basis of a tensile and compressive creep experiment within early ages from 1 to 28 days. In addition, the effects of temperature are quantitatively assessed and included in the formula. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that creep strain under moderate thermal stress can be simulated by the creep formula. Finally, an effective elastic modulus for using in the compensation plane method that takes into account the effects of creep is presented.