Metal Alloy Catalysts in Green Organic Coupling Synthesis Reactions Protocols

Coupling reactions, C-C, C-O, C-N, and C-S, are of great significance in synthetic organic chemistry for the production of fine chemical products with high market value. These reactions have, in the past, been achieved through the use of Pd-based homogeneous catalysts. Due to the overly-priced Pd, other metal catalysts, such as heterogeneous catalysts for coupling reactions, have been widely studied. However, monometallic catalysts suffer from low stability, activity, and product selectivity. The use of various metal alloy catalysts for coupling reactions of organic compounds discussed in this chapter demonstrates their superior stabilities and physicochemical properties to their corresponding monometallic catalysts. This is often due to their unique synergistic effects and electronic properties offered by metal alloy catalysts. This chapter discusses the preparation of metal alloy catalysts, their properties, and their application in various C-C, C-O, C-N, and C-S reactions. Their activity and selectivity profiles in different reaction conditions are also discussed.