Metal Alloy Electrocatalysts for Reduction of CO2 to Chemicals

Transitioning from fossil fuels is challenging because their combustion releases greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), which drive climate change and global warming. Rising CO 2 levels are causing climate issues, with temperatures increasing over 2°C annually. This results in droughts, floods, and melting ice caps, threatening biodiversity and food production. Capturing CO 2 and converting it into valuable products such as chemicals and fuels is appealing. CO 2 is stable and difficult to convert into other chemicals due to high energy requirements. Electrocatalytic CO 2 reduction can transform CO 2 into valuable feedstocks and help rebalance the carbon cycle. However, the process is often inefficient due to large kinetic overpotentials and challenges in controlling product selectivity. Ongoing research focuses on developing improved catalysts, such as metal alloys or multimetallic materials, to enhance efficiency, selectivity, and durability in CO 2 reduction. This review explores the state of research on metal alloy-based electrocatalysts for CO 2 reduction reactions (CO 2 RR). It emphasizes critical performance parameters, methods, and strategies for modifying physicochemical characteristics that influence electronic structures and electrochemical properties, resulting in improved electrocatalytic performance in the CO 2 RR process.