A Guide to Vaccinology: From Basic Principles to New Developments

Vaccinology is the term that broadly describes the sciences of vaccine development including immunogens, manufacturing technologies, host immune response, clinical evaluations, safety, and regulatory concerns for the development of the vaccine. The recent pandemic teaches the importance of immunization throughout the world. During the pandemic, many scientists, industries, and researchers worked hard to protect people’s lives by developing vaccines. The development of vaccines started long ago, but still, some diseases require protection through vaccines. This chapter aimed to introduce readers to the basic outlines of the immune system and its components, the nature of immunity, types of vaccines, vaccine development and approval processes, formulation aspects of vaccines, preparation of different vaccines, routes of administration, immunization schedules (for 66 infants, pregnant women, and children) in India, side effects of vaccines, and current challenges and future directions in vaccinology.