Evidence-Based Pharmacist Care (Clinical, Economic, and Humanistic Impact): Hypertension

Hypertension (HTN) is a leading global health concern and a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease and chronic kidney disease. Despite the availability of effective therapies, global control rates remain suboptimal. This chapter provides a comprehensive evaluation of the clinical, economic, and humanistic impact of pharmacist-led care in the management of HTN across various healthcare settings, including primary care, community pharmacies, hospitals, and telehealth models. Evidence demonstrates that pharmacists improve blood pressure control, medication adherence, and patient knowledge, contributing to reduced hospitalizations and enhanced patient outcomes. Pharmacist interventions are also shown to be cost-effective or cost-saving in multiple models, particularly when collaborative or independent prescribing is included. Humanistic outcomes, though underreported, suggest increased patient satisfaction, improved self-efficacy, and enhanced disease knowledge. However, variability in study designs, outcome measures, and implementation practices across regions limits generalizability. The chapter highlights implementation science strategies, barriers, and facilitators for integrating pharmacist care and calls for further high-quality research to standardize outcomes, assess long-term effectiveness, and evaluate cost-utility from a societal perspective.