Evidence-Based Pharmacist Care (Clinical, Economic, and Humanistic Impact): Urinary Incontinence

Urinary incontinence (UI) is a common yet often underdiagnosed medical condition that significantly affects patients’ clinical outcomes, economic well-being, and quality of life. This chapter underscores the critical role of evidence-based pharmacist care in the comprehensive management of UI. Clinically, pharmacists contribute to the prevention, assessment, and individualized management of UI through medication reviews, identification of drug-related causes, patient education, and monitoring treatment efficacy and safety. Their interventions help reduce symptom severity, improve adherence, and prevent complications such as infections and skin breakdown. Economically, pharmacist involvement lowers healthcare costs by optimizing medication use, enhancing adherence, minimizing hospital visits, recommending cost-effective therapies, and preventing drug-related problems. From a humanistic perspective, pharmacists play a central role in improving patients’ quality of life, enhancing health literacy, reducing stigma, and increasing satisfaction with care. The chapter also 90 explores facilitators and barriers to pharmacist-led UI management and highlights future directions, including the use of digital health tools and artificial intelligence. Overall, pharmacist care is essential to improving UI outcomes across clinical, economic, and humanistic domains.