Evidence-Based Pharmacist Care, Clinical Pharmacy, Advanced Pharmacy Practice, and Pharmacy Clinics: Poland, Bulgaria, Slovakia, and Romania

This chapter explores the development and current status of pharmacy practice in Poland, Bulgaria, Slovakia, and Romania, focusing on evidence-based pharmacist care, clinical pharmacy, advanced pharmacy practice, and pharmacy clinics. These countries have experienced notable progress driven by European Union integration, healthcare reforms, and pharmacy education advancement. Pharmacists have expanded roles in patient-centered services such as medication management, counseling, and public health initiatives. Despite this progress, challenges remain, including disparities in access to care, insufficient clinical training, regulatory limitations, and public misperceptions of pharmacists’ roles. The chapter highlights achievements such as clinical pharmacy integration in education, growing national networks for pharmaceutical care, and enhanced specialization opportunities. It concludes with tailored recommendations for improving clinical education, healthcare integration, policy support, and research capacity. By addressing these challenges, pharmacists in these countries can further elevate their contribution to healthcare systems and improve patient outcomes across diverse populations.