Current Advancements and Upcoming Possibilities of Nanotechnology in Nucleic Acid Delivery

Nanotechnology has emerged as a transformative tool in the field of drug delivery, offering unprecedented control over the delivery of therapeutic agents for various clinical applications. The study focuses on various challenges associated with nucleic acid delivery, including enzymatic degradation and off-target effects, and discusses how nanotechnologybased approaches address these challenges through precise control over delivery systems. The recent advancements in nanocarrier design, with a focus on metal-based nanoparticles (MNPs) and their unique properties for nucleic acid delivery, are also discussed. Moreover, the chapter examines innovative strategies, such as DNA origami and RNA aptamers, which hold promise in enhancing the specificity and efficiency of nucleic acid delivery. Furthermore, the potential of nanotechnology in enabling targeted delivery to specific tissues or cells is explored, highlighting the role of surface modification and functionalization techniques in achieving site-specific delivery. The chapter also discusses the translational potential 32 of these advancements, emphasizing the importance of bridging the gap between preclinical research and clinical application.