Challenges in Nucleic Acid Delivery

Nucleic acid delivery holds significant promise in transforming the treatment of different genetic abnormalities, infectious diseases, and malignancies. However, various obstacles have hampered its clinical application. This presentation presents a complete summary of the current challenges in nucleic acid delivery, including both viral and non-viral vectors. Key hurdles include obtaining effective cellular absorption, overcoming intracellular barriers such as endosomal entrapment and lysosomal degradation, minimizing offtarget effects, ensuring enough payload delivery to target tissues, and dealing with immunogenicity concerns. Strategies for addressing these issues are presented, such as the creation of novel delivery vectors, formulation process optimization, and targeted delivery approaches. Furthermore, the significance of understanding the interaction between delivery mechanisms and biological obstacles for successful nucleic acid distribution is highlighted. Overcoming these hurdles is essential for unlocking the full therapeutic potential of nucleic acid-based therapies and advancing personalized medicine.