Charging Standards and Protocols for Electric Vehicles

Electric vehicles (EVs) mark a new epoch in the automotive sector, driven by the pressing necessity for green transport systems. Pivotal to this transition are various charging standards and protocols that govern how electric vehicle charging occurs, as well as their interface with charging facilities. This chapter discusses various types of charging standards, including Society of Automotive Engineers J1772 (SAE J1772), Combined Charging System (CCS), Charge de Move (CHAdeMO), and Tesla’s Supercharger. Each standard addresses different needs: SAE J1772 for Level 1 and Level 2 charging equipment, CCS for precise direct current (DC) high-power control, CHAdeMO for delivering bi-directional charging, and Tesla Supercharger for ultra-high-power options. Additionally, the chapter explores coordination standards such as the International Organization for Standardization 15118 (ISO 15118), which enables automated and bi-directional charging, and Open Charge Point Protocol (OCPP) to promote compatibility between charging stations. While highlighting how compatible and usable these technologies are, this chapter underscores the importance of a review of public charging 46 infrastructure planning and design in promoting the use of electric vehicles. Effective and well-reviewed infrastructure planning is crucial for achieving the goal of transitioning the population to environmentally friendly transportation with minimal disruptions.