Electric Vehicle Propulsion Systems and Charging Techniques

The electrification of transportation is essential for reducing global carbon emissions and promoting sustainable mobility. However, the widespread adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) faces technical challenges, especially regarding battery technology, charging infrastructure, and grid integration. This chapter provides a comprehensive review of these issues, focusing on EV propulsion systems, battery advancements, and charging techniques. By comparing various propulsion architectures, it highlights their strengths and limitations. Additionally, advancements in battery technology aimed at improving energy storage, range, and charging efficiency are explored. The chapter also assesses various charging methods and classifies EV chargers based on technology, modes, and connector types, offering insights into how different systems meet consumer and infrastructure demands. Bidirectional charging systems like vehicle-to-grid (V2G) and grid-to-vehicle (G2V) are discussed for their role in grid stability and energy management. The impact of EV chargers on utility grids is also reviewed, outlining the technical and infrastructural challenges of scaling up charging infrastructure. This review provides valuable insights for advancing electric mobility.