Progress in Pharmacotherapy of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a systemic condition characterized by complex pathophysiological mechanisms, affecting over 50% of all heart failure patients, with a five-year mortality rate ranging from 50% to 75%. HFpEF is highly heterogeneous, with diverse etiologies, pathophysiological mechanisms, and clinical manifestations, all of which complicate its management and treatment. Despite these present challenges, significant progresses have been made in the management of HFpEF in recent years. Certain medications have been shown to improve quality of life and reduce the risk of adverse events in HFpEF patients. This article provides a review of the latest clinical evidence on pharmacological treatments for HFpEF, focusing on the disease's unique pathophysiological mechanisms, thereby offering a solid theoretical foundation and practical guidance for its management.