Neurologic Complications of Hematologic Disorders

OBJECTIVE: This article reviews the epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of neurologic complications associated with hematologic disorders. LATEST DEVELOPMENTS: Hematologic disorders may manifest with cerebrovascular and neuromuscular complications due to thrombotic, hemorrhagic, or immune-mediated mechanisms. Advances in screening, targeted therapies, and interdisciplinary care have improved outcomes for conditions such as sickle cell disease, myeloproliferative neoplasms, thrombotic microangiopathies, antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, and plasma cell dyscrasias. ESSENTIAL POINTS: Neurologic complications of hematologic disorders range from cerebrovascular disease to peripheral neuropathy. Early recognition and appropriate management in collaboration with a hematologist are essential to reduce morbidity and mortality.