A principal submanifold-based approach for clustering and multiscale RNA correction

RNA structure determination is essential for understanding its biological functions. However, the reconstruction process often faces challenges, such as atomic clashes, which can lead to inaccurate models. To address these challenges, we introduce the principal submanifold (PSM) approach for analyzing RNA data on a torus. This method provides an accurate, low-dimensional feature representation, overcoming the limitations of previous torus-based methods. By combining PSM with DBSCAN, we propose a novel clustering technique, the principal submanifold-based DBSCAN (PSM-DBSCAN). Our approach achieves superior clustering accuracy and increased robustness to noise. Additionally, we apply this new method for multiscale corrections, effectively resolving RNA backbone clashes at both microscopic and mesoscopic scales. Extensive simulations and comparative studies highlight the enhanced precision and scalability of our method, demonstrating significant improvements over existing approaches. The proposed methodology offers a robust foundation for correcting complex RNA structures and has broad implications for applications in structural biology and bioinformatics.