Two Stage Robust Optimization of Economic Dispatch for Comprehensive Energy System Considering Hydrogen Ammonia Storage and Transportation

[Objective] To address the power imbalance between renewable generation（wind/solar）and load demand，this paper proposes a two-stage robust optimization-based economic dispatch method for integrated energy systems，incorporating hydrogen-ammonia storage and transportation. [Methods] First，to fully exploit the synergistic potential of hydrogen-based short- and long-term energy storage technologies，a hybrid energy storage model is established，integrating electro-thermal storage，short-term hydrogen storage，and seasonal hydrogen storage. Second，to enable large-scale and long-distance hydrogen transportation，a hydrogen-ammonia storage and transportation model is constructed within the hybrid energy storage framework via "hydrogen-ammonia-hydrogen" or "hydrogen-ammonia" conversion processes，enabling both cross-temporal hydrogen storage and cross-spatial transportation. Finally，considering uncertainties on both the source and load sides，a two-stage robust optimization-based economic dispatch model is developed with the objective of minimizing total system costs. [Conclusions] Simulation results demonstrate that，compared with conventional hydrogen storage methods，the proposed approach reduces hydrogen storage and transportation costs while improving renewable energy consumption，system economy，and robustness，thereby verifying its effectiveness and feasibility. [Conclusions] A hybrid energy storage model integrating electro/thermal storage with short-/long-term hydrogen storage is established，enabling spatiotemporal hydrogen utilization，enhancing renewable energy consumption，and reducing operational costs. An innovative ammonia-based hydrogen storage technology is adopted，where the "hydrogen-ammonia-hydrogen" or "hydrogen-ammonia" conversion process lowers storage and transportation costs. By accounting for source-load uncertainty，the system achieves flexible balance between economy and robustness. A current limitation of the model is that it does not integrate the electricity‑hydrogen‑ammonia with other energy carriers（e.g.，biomass，geothermal）to realize broader multi-energy synergy.