Electric Vehicle Charging and Discharging Strategy for Distribution Networks Considering Supply and Demand Side Benefits and Three-Phase Imbalance Management

[Objective] The large-scale connection of electric vehicles （EVs） and distributed power sources has exacerbated the three-phase imbalance in distribution networks，and the market-driven orderly charging and discharging of EVs is one of the initiatives to manage the three-phase imbalance，but the traditional management strategy does not take into account the benefits of both operators and users. [Methods] In this regard，this paper proposes a two-stage optimization strategy for EV charging and discharging that takes into account the benefits of both supply and demand sides and the three-phase imbalance management of distribution networks. First，the scheduling incentive mechanism and the user response willingness assessment method are proposed； Second，a two-stage optimization model is established for the day-ahead and intraday stages，where the scheduling parameters are configured based on the management objectives and costs in the day-ahead stage，and the EV charging and discharging strategy is derived by combining the users' benefits and the actual imbalance degree in the intraday stage； Finally，the EV charging and discharging strategy is validated based on the IEEE 13-node arithmetic case for simulation. [Results] The results show that the proposed strategy can effectively reduce the overall voltage imbalance of distribution networks. And compared with the single-objective strategy，in Option 2，the user charging satisfaction indexes are improved by 24.3% and 42.8%，respectively，and the operator realizes arbitrage； in Option 1，the satisfaction indexes are further improved，the operator's revenue is increased by a factor of 3.84，and robust is shown in different operating scenarios. [Conclusions] The proposed strategy can meet the imbalance management needs of operators while taking into account the economic benefits of both the supply and demand sides，providing a flexible and efficient imbalance management solution for distribution networks with a high EV penetration.