Extraintestinal manifestations in ulcerative colitis patients with disease phenotype: Insights from a Pakistani population

Background & objective: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) involving continuous colonic mucosal inflammation that leads to extraintestinal manifestations (EIMs) in many patients. Understanding the prevalence, patterns and factors associated with EIMs is vital for optimizing UC patient care, making this study essential for assessing EIM frequency, distribution and stratification. Methodology: This observational, cross-sectional study was conducted at Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre in Karachi from June 2022 to November 2024, involving 147 UC patients. Prospective data collection was used to assess disease severity using the standard criteria. EIMs were classified according to their type. Statistical analysis included descriptive and inferential methods using chi-square tests with p 0.05), but severity showed a significant association (p