Prevalence and radiographic characteristics of supernumerary teeth in a Saudi population: A retrospective CBCT-based study

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and radiographic characteristics of supernumerary teeth (ST) in a Saudi population using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). The research also explored the clinical and orthodontic implications of ST on tooth eruption and treatment planning. Methodology: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Qassim University. A total of 992 CBCT scans obtained between January 2020 to January 2024 were reviewed. Demographic and radiographic variables-such as morphology, orientation, eruption status and relationship with adjacent teeth-were recorded in Microsoft Excel. Two calibrated oral radiologists independently evaluated the scans. Statistical analysis, including descriptive statistics and chi-square tests, was performed using SPSS version 27.0. Results: Supernumerary teeth were detected in 28 patients, indicating an overall prevalence of 2.82%. The prevalence among males (5.61%) was significantly higher than in females (1.10%). Most individuals presented with a single ST (67.86%). The common morphologies were conical (46.15%) and supplemental (38.46%). A majority were impacted (76.92%) and exhibited an inverted orientation (33.33%). In 20.51% of cases, ST obstructed the eruption of adjacent permanent teeth. Conclusions: Supernumerary teeth in this population showed a strong male predilection and were predominantly conical, impacted and inverted. CBCT was instrumental in their detailed assessment.