Business Model Development for the European Project FAST: An Earth Observation-Based Platform for Coastal Flood Risk Management

Background Coastal flood and erosion risk management increasingly requires innovative, nature-based solutions. The European project Foreshore Assessment using Space Technology (FAST) (de Vries et al., 2018) addressed this challenge by developing MI-SAFE, a viewer and software tool designed to assess the wave attenuation capacity of vegetated intertidal flats using Earth Observation (EO) data. To ensure the long-term sustainability and adoption of this technological innovation beyond the project’s lifespan, a robust, viable business model was required. This study outlines the development and evolution of the business case for the MI-SAFE service package. Methods A user-driven approach was employed to define the value proposition and market fit. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders, including coastal managers, engineers, and conservationists, to identify specific technical needs and willingness to pay. The business model was iteratively developed using standard frameworks such as the Business Model Canvas, transitioning from a traditional linear product approach to a platform-based strategy. Financial projections were calculated to assess economic viability under different adoption scenarios. Results The analysis led to the definition of a Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) business model. The service is structured around a freemium strategy with three distinct tiers: an Educational level (open access for general public awareness), an Expert level (standard technical features), and an Advanced level (tailored, high-resolution consulting services). Financial modelling indicates that revenue from the Advanced tier is sufficient to subsidise the free and lower-cost levels, ensuring broad accessibility. The coordinating institute was identified as the central entity for hosting, maintenance, and commercialisation, leveraging its existing infrastructure. Conclusions The study demonstrates that transitioning to a service-oriented platform model significantly enhances the scalability and sustainability of EO-based environmental tools. By bridging the gap between marine science and business management, the proposed model ensures that MI-SAFE remains a viable resource for coastal risk management. This multidisciplinary approach serves as a blueprint for commercialising research outputs in the environmental sector, balancing public utility with financial self-sufficiency.