Caregiver–Elderly Communication in Dementia Care: A Systematic Literature Review

Abstract Background Effective communication between caregivers and elderly individuals with dementia is a central component of quality dementia care, yet it is frequently compromised by progressive cognitive decline affecting verbal and nonverbal interactions. As the global prevalence of dementia continues to increase, there is a growing need to synthesise current evidence on communication barriers, intervention approaches, and contextual factors influencing caregiver–elderly communication across diverse care settings. Methods A systematic literature review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Peer-reviewed empirical studies published between 2022 and 2025 were identified through comprehensive searches of the Scopus and Web of Science databases. Studies focusing on communication between caregivers and elderly individuals with dementia were included. Following screening and eligibility assessment, 25 studies met the inclusion criteria. Data were extracted and analysed using a thematic narrative synthesis to identify key patterns, interventions, and research gaps. Results The findings were synthesised into three overarching themes. The first theme addressed communication challenges and caregiver strategies in dementia care, highlighting the effects of cognitive impairment on interaction and adaptive communication practices. The second theme examined communication tools, technologies, and intervention-based approaches, including structured communication programmes and assistive technologies. The third theme explored ethical, cultural, and system-level influences on communication, emphasising the roles of sociocultural norms, policy frameworks, and organisational support. Across the reviewed studies, tailored communication strategies were associated with improved interaction quality, while systemic and cultural constraints remained persistent barriers. Conclusions This review highlights the complexity of communication in dementia care and underscores the importance of integrated approaches that combine caregiver training, technological support, and culturally sensitive practices. The findings provide a consolidated evidence base to inform future research, policy development, and practice aimed at strengthening communication strategies and improving the quality of life of both caregivers and elderly individuals with dementia.