Study and Design of a Thermal Insulator Based on Typha domingensis and Cassava Starch: A Local Material Valorization Approach for Affordable Housing

This article is part of an effort to promote local resources and reduce the environmental impact of construction materials. The study aims to design and characterize ecological insulating panels made from Typha domingensis, an invasive plant, combined with cassava starch used as a natural binder. Samples were produced under four compaction pressures (3, 10, 20, and 30 MPa) and then characterized based on their physical and thermal properties. The results show that compaction pressure strongly influences the density, porosity, thermal conductivity, and thermal resistance of the panels. An intermediate pressure of 20 MPa was identified as the optimal level, yielding a material that is lightweight, stable, exhibits low thermal conductivity (0.087 W•m⁻¹•K⁻¹), and offers high thermal resistance (0.227 m²•K•W⁻¹). This balance reflects a homogeneous internal structure that effectively combines porosity and cohesion, supporting both durability and insulating performance of the material.