Proportion and Factors Associated with Inadequate Fruits and Vegetables Intake in Togo: Findings from the 2021 STEPS Survey

Low fruits and vegetables (FV) consumption is a major risk factor for non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Few recent studies have explored this behavior in Togo. The aim of this study was to describe FV intake and associated factors in Togo in 2021-2022. A cross-sectional study was conducted using readily available data from STEPS survey. Variables related to lifestyle habits, socio-demographic characteristics, medical history related to NCD and physical measures were extracted for analyses. Binalry logistic regression analyses were conducted and the dependent variable was the consumption of at least 5FV. A total of 3,167 adults (58.9% female) with median age 38 years, IQR [28-50] were recruited. Among recruited participants, the proportion of diabetes and HBP was 7.7% and 35.8%, respectively. Two respondents in five (37.9%) reported having physical activity and 5.4% were using tobacco. Proportion of FV intake was 25.4%, 95%CI: [24.0-27.0]. Average household income > 52 500 FCFA and being physically active were factors that increased 5FV intake. Participants aged 60-69 years old and those avoiding eating meals prepared elsewhere than at home were less likely to consume 5FV daily. FV consumption remains low in Togo and is influenced by economic and sociodemographic determinants. Multisectoral interventions are needed to change fruit and vegetable consumption behaviors based on regional availability and varieties and to help reduce the risk of developing NCDs.