Responsiveness of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in plants during abiotic stress

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can penetrate plant roots and form arbuscules for nutrient exchange. Plants have evolved a complete symbiosis system to sustain growth and development under abiotic stress. Mycorrhizal symbiosis and host plant interactions play an important role in enhancing mineral nutrient absorption, hormone production, and making the plant capable of drought tolerance, salt resistance, and mitigating heavy metal stress reduction. Research on AM symbiosis and abiotic stressors can benefit sustainable agriculture by improving plant yield and environmental safety. In this review, we discussed the role of genes responsible for the establishment of AM symbiosis and also their involvement in mineral nutrient absorption, hormonal control, resistance against heavy metals, drought and salt tolerance. This article also covered recent studies on AM symbiosis and its regulation.